Hydrological Characterization of Wadi Abu Maris Basin Using GIS and Digital Elevation Models

Abstract

According to the results of this study, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are effective tools for analysing the hydrological characteristics of watersheds by understanding the behavior of surface runoff and its relationship with the topography of the study area. Wadi Abu Maris Basin was selected because no previous study had conducted a comprehensive hydrological analysis; most previous studies focused on the topography and surface features of the region. Given the variations in elevation and the presence of slopes within the basin, these factors play a key role in controlling the direction and distribution of surface runoff and in forming a natural stream network that progresses from small streams in higher areas toward lower areas, forming the main stream. This indicates a well-developed hierarchical drainage network. Hydrological analysis tools successfully delineated flow paths, flow direction, and runoff accumulation patterns. Through these tools, the number of sub-basins was identified, with variations in area and spatial distribution, resulting in differences in their contribution to the main drainage channel through surface runoff. In conclusion, the results indicate that the use of these techniques provides an important scientific basis for the study and analysis of watersheds and contributes to supporting water resource management, environmental planning, and flood risk reduction.